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  1. Take the <2 µm clay fraction, this should be rinsed and free of any treatments, in centrifuge tube add ~20 mL of 1N HCl
  2. Vortex the sample to completely dislodge all material before pouring sample into a 100 mL beaker, add stir bar once sample is in place
  3. Set hotplate to 300°C (boiling point of HCl is ~101, but in order to maintain a continuous boil the hotplate needs to be much hotter)
  4. Set the stir RPM below 100, this is only to keep the material suspended within the HCl
  5. Start time once the samples have come to a complete boil, leave for 2 hours add more HCl as necessary (DO NOT, let the sample go dry and burn)
  6. Once the sample has boiled for 2 hours, turn off hot plate and allow sample to return to room temperature before pouring beaker contents back into a clean centrifuge tube, rinse beaker with DI water to collect all material
  7. Centrifuge down for 15 mins at 1500 rpm, decant acid and rinse with 25 mL nanopure (3X)
  8. After samples has been washed 3X and is free of HCl, centrifuge for 60 mins at 30 3000 rpm


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