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The corundum standard NIST 1976 should be run with every scan for quality assurance and quality control. See the
XRD User the XRD Bruker User Guide for more information on running and evaluating this standard.
Several other standards (powdered concentrates of minerals) are located in the XRD standard drawer in the XRD laboratory. Discuss which, if any, standards the scientists would like to have measured.
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Concentrated hydrochloric acid (~12 M) is highly dangerous. It can cause severe tissue damage on contact, is highly toxic, and the fumes present risks of poisoning and chemical burns. Always add acid to water! When mixed with water, hydrochloric acid liberates large quantities of heat, so appropriate care should be used when diluting this compound.
Note: the 2 M hydrochloric acid used in the carbonate dissolution procedure is still dangerous and should be treated with the appropriate care.
Acetic Acid, Glacial, or 10% for Carbonate Dissolution
Glacial acetic acid (100%) is highly dangerous. It can cause severe tissue damage on contact. Always add acid to water! When mixed with water, glacial acetic acid liberates large quantities of heat, so appropriate care should be used when diluting this compound. Glacial acetic acid is also a flammable liquid and should be stored away from oxidizers (e.g., HNO3HNO3{~}). When diluted to ~10% concentration, it is very similar to white vinegar, so while it is still acidic and could cause tissue damage, it is not as hazardous.
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